Metal working lubricant



United States atent C 2,913,411 METAL WORKING LUBRICANT Knapel F. Schiermeier, Alton, Ill., assignor to Shell Development Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 7, 1957 Serial No. 664,147 8 (Ilaims. (Cl. 252-333) This invention pertains to multifunctional transparent stable liquid petroleum-water solutions particularly suitable as metal working fluids which have good rust preventive and load carrying properties.

It is apparent from the art that transparent metal working lubricants having good rust inhibiting and load carrying properties are highly desirable because they enable the operator to observe the progress of the work without stopping the operation of the machine and to do more accurate work under cleaner conditions. Also, increased production results and less handling of the work piece reduces possibility of corrosion. However, known transparent fluids of this type which normally contain as the essential active ingredient large amounts of synthetic detergents and a plurality of rust inhibitors such as nitrite, phosphates, amines, etc. are expensive to prepare. They are also generally unstable, sensitive to water hardness and are generally poor with respect to load carrying properties.

It is a principal object of this invention to prepare inexpensive multi-functional transparent liquid petroleum water solutions. Another object of the invention is to prepare a stable transparent mineral oil-water solution for use as a metal working fluid which is insensitive to either soft or hard water, which is non-corrosive, and has good load carrying properties.

It has now been discovered that a liquid petroleum (fuel or lubricating oil)-water solution of this type for use per se or for compositing with water and which results in an excellent transparent coolant and lubricant useful as cutting, grinding, threading, cooling and other industrial uses is provided by a concentrate consisting essentially of a liquid petroleum-water solution containing minor amounts of each, of an oil-soluble alkali metal (Na or K) petroleum sulfonate, an alkali metal (Na or K) ricinoleate or alkali metal (Na or K) salt of castor oil fatty acids and a water soluble mass action or salting out agent such as an alkali metal (Na or K) carbonate. If desired, to the concentrate or final composition can be added a minor amount of a bactericidal or germicidal agent preferably of the phenolic type such as are sold commercially by Dow Chemical Co. under the trade name Dowicide A (sodium o-phenyl phenate) and/or a silicone polymer anti-foaming agent such as are sold by Dow Corning Co. as Anti-foam A and are described in the November 1948 issue of the Journal Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.

Of the above sodium or potassium compounds the sodium compounds are preferred.

The alkali metal petroleum sulfonates are well known in the art and are prepared by reacting a mineral oil with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid to form oilsoluble sulfonic acids which are then recovered by treatment with an alkali metal base such as sodium hydroxide followed by extraction. These oil-soluble soaps are available as 30% to 70% concentrates in mineral oil.

The liquid petroleum employed in the concentrate may be a light petroleum hydrocarbon fraction in the viscosity range of from about 40 to about 200 SUS at 100 F., preferably from about 60 to about 120 SUS at 100 F. Petroleum fractions of this type can be derived from any type of crude such as asphaltic, naphthenic or paratfinic 2,913,41 l Patented Nov. 1 7, l 959 ice type crudes and include gasoline, fuel oil and lubricating oils. It is preferred to use a light lubricating oil such as a 100 SUS at 100 F. pale oil.

Typical general formulation of the concentrate composition of this invention is as follows:

Broad Preferred Range Range (percent (percent wt.) wt.)

Alkali metal petroleum sulfonate e.g. Na or K petroleum sulfonate 5-25 10-20 Alkali metal ricinoleatc or alkali metal salt of castor oil fatty acids e.g. Na or K ricinoleate 4-10 5-8 Alkali metal carbonate e.g. Na or K carbonate. 0. 1-2 0. 3-1 Germicidal Agent e.g. a phenolic compound -1 01-0. Anti-foaming agent e.g. silicone polymer 0-100 -40 p.p.m. p.p.m. Petroleum traction e.g. Mineral Oil (40-200 SUS at 100 F.) 10-30 -25 Water 50-60 50-55 The following examples illustrate concentrate compositions of this invention.

1 Soldium or potassium sulfonate used was a 60% concentrate in mineral lubricating oil. I

EXAMPLE H Percent weight Sodium petroleum sulfonate 15 Sodium ricinoleate 7 Sodium carbonate 2 Sodium o-phenyl phenate 0.3 Pale-oil (100 SUS 100 F.) 26 Water Balance EXAMPLE Ill Percent weight Sodium petroleum sulfonate 15 Sodium salt of castor oil fatty acids 8 Sodium carbonate 2 Pale oil (100 SUS 100 F.) 20 Water Balance EXAMPLE IV Potassium petroleum sulfonate percent weight 20 Ricinoleic acid ..do 6 Potassium hydroxide do 0.6 Potassium carbonate d0 1 Potassium o-phenyl phenate do 0.3 Silicone polymer (Antifoam A) p.p.m 30 Pale oil (100 SUS 100 F.) percent weight 21 Water Balance EXAMPLE v Percent weight The concentrates can be used per se or preferably diluted with water in proportions ranging from one part 40 parts of water. Concentrates such as illustrated of the concentrate to 5 to parts and preferably 10 to Examples I to V when diluted with from 5 to 40 parts of water for one part of the concentrate result in excellent cuttiug, threading, drilling or grinding transparent lubricants and coolants.

Compositions of the present invention were compared about 1% of sodium carbonate, from about 0.1% to about 1% of a phenolic germicidal agent and from about 10 to about 100 parts per million of a silicone polymer antifoaming agent.

with a commercial soluble cutting fluid and other water 5 4. A transparent Water soluble concentrate for use in base fluids for stability, transparency, rust inhibition and aqueous cutting fluids consisting essentially of the followmetal working characteristics and the results are shown in ing ingredients: Table I.

Table l Metal Working 1 Compositions Appearance Stability Rust 1 Prevention Cutting Drilling Grinding A (Ex. I diluted with 30 parts ofwater) transparentover 6th excellent excellent.--" excellent excellent.

mon s B (Ex. II diluted with 15 parts of Water)-.. do (Ex. III diluted with 15 parts of water) do Composition 1 (same as Composition A 1 day except that NaNOz was used in place of NazCOs). Composition 2 (same as Composition A de --do poor-- do .do Do.

except that NazS0r was used in place of NaaCOa). Composition 3 (same as Composition A do unstabledo poor poor poor.

except that No stearate was used in place of Na ricinoleate). Composition 4 (same as Composition A de less than 1 ----.do do do Do.

except that Na oleate was used in place hr. of Na ricinoleate). Composition 5 (same as Composition B de unstable- ---..d0 .do .do Do.

except that sodium hydrogen phosphate was used in place of NEtzCOs and Na slice-irate was used in place of Na ricinolea e Commercial Soluble Oil X 3 opaque 1 monthl do fairlair" fair.

1 Rusting was rated after coating steel specimen with test composition and observing its condition after 72 hours in closed cabinet over water.

Excellent-none or trace of rusting Fair-mild rusting, about Poorheavy rusting, over 2 Metal working ratings were made on a comparative basis with tool and drill life being rated as excellent, fair or poor with respect to the number of metal specirn ens cut or drilled before tool tailed. Grinding was rated on condition of work piece and attention grinding wheel required, with excellent being regarded as good surface finish and grinding wheel being in good condition and poor being regardcd that the surface finish was poor and grinding Wheel needed repeated attention.

3 Commercial Soluble Oil Xoil-in-water emulsion containing sodium sulionate and sodium soap of fatty acid (tall 011).

The concentrates of this invention are stable emulsions which can be stored for long periods of time. They are readily blended with water by simple mixing to form transparent fluids useful as coolants and lubricants for a wide variety of industrial applications.

I claim as my invention:

1. A transparent water soluble concentrate consisting essentially of a mineral oil-in-Water solution, wherein the mineral oil has a viscosity in the range of from about 40 to about 200 SUS at 100 F., the oil is 10-30% by weight of the solution and the water is 50-60% of the solution and the concentrate contains from about 5% to about 25% of an oil-soluble alkali metal petroleum sulfonate, from about 4% to about 10% of an alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ricinoleate and alkali metal salt of castor oil fatty acids and from about 0.1% to about 2% of an alkali metal carbonate.

2. A transparent water soluble concentrate for use in aqueous cutting fluids consisting essentially of a mineral oil-in-water solution, wherein the mineral oil has a viscosity in the range of from about 40 to about 200 SUS at 100 F., the oil is -25% by Weight of the solution and the water is 5055% by weight of the solution, the concentrate contains from about 10% to oil-soluble sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 4% to about 10% of sodium ricinoleate and from about 0.3% to about 1% of sodium carbonate.

3. A transparent water soluble concentrate for use in aqueous cutting fiuid consisting essentially of a light mineral oil-in-water solution, wherein the mineral oil has a viscosity from about 60 to about 120 SUS at 100 F., the oil consisting of from about 10 to about of the solution which also contains from about 10% to 20% of oil-soluble sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 4% to about 10% of sodium ricinoleate, from about 0.3% to Sodium petroleum sulfonate percent weight 20 Ricinoleic acid do 6 Sodium hydroxide 0.6 Sodium carbonate 0.5 Sodium o-phenyl phenate 0.3 Silicone polymer p.p.m 30 Pale oil SUS at 100 F.) perccnt weight 21 Water Balance References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,079,051 Sullivan et al. May 4, 1937 2,231,228 Singer Feb. 11, 1941 2,338,522 Liberthson Jan. 4, 1944 2,455,659 Duncan et al. Dec. 7, 1948 2,485,861 Campbell et al. Oct. 25, 1 9 2,516,838 Schienneier Aug. 1, 1950 2,563,588 Dixon Aug. 7, 1951 2,716,634 Black et al Aug. 30, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 395,460 France Apr. 3, 1944 

1. A TRANSPARENT WATER SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MINERAL OIL-IN-WATER SOLUTION, WHEREIN THE MINERAL OIL HAS A VISCOSISTY IN THE RANGE OF FROM ABOAUT 40 TO ABOUT 200 SUS AT 1000*F., THE OIL SIS 10-30% BY WEIGHT OF THE SOLUTION AND THE WATER IS 50-60% OF THE SOLUTION AND THE CONCENTRATE CONTAINS FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 25% OF AN OIL-SOLUBLE ALKALI ALKALI METAL PETROLEUM SULFONATE, FROM ABOUT 4% TO ABOUT 10%OF AN ALKALI METAL COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALI METAL RICINOLEATE AND ALKALI METAL SALT OF CASTOR OIL FATTY ACDS AND FROM ABOUT 0.1% TO ABOUT 2% OF AN ALKALI METAL CRBONATE.
 5. A TRANSPARENT WATER BASE COMPOSITION CONSISTING OF 1 PART OF COMPOSITION OF CLAIM 1 DILUTE WITH FROM 10 TO 4 PARTS OF WATER. 